Each of the air gaps separated by PVC walls inside the profile is called an air chamber. Its function is to increase the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the profile, which is why we say that the more air chambers the profile has, the more it will insulate the room from the outside.
Most profile manufacturers use a 3 or 5-chamber profile. Our Replus windows, with 100% German profiles, have 7 air chambers, making them some of the most insulating on the market.